Suppose we already know sum of U(0,1) has a Irwin-Hall distribution.
Now your question changes to find the pdf (or CDF) of XY when X had a U(0,1) distribution and Y has a Irwin-Hall distribution.
First we need to find he joint pdf of X and Y.
Let Y1=X1Y2=X1+X2Y3=X1+X2+X3
Then
X1=Y1X2=Y2−Y1X3=Y3−Y2−Y1
∴
J=∣∣∣∣∣∣∂X1∂Y1∂X2∂Y1∂X3∂Y1∂X1∂Y2∂X2∂Y2∂X3∂Y2∂X1∂Y3∂X2∂Y3∂X3∂Y3∣∣∣∣∣∣=−1
Since X1,X2,X3 are i.i.d with U(0,1), therefore, f(x1,x2,x3)=f(x1)f(x2)f(x3)=1
The joint distribution with y1,y2,y3 is
g(y1,y2,y3)=f(y1,y2,y3)|J|=1
Next let us integrate out the Y2 and we can get the joint distribution of Y1 and Y3 i.e the joint distribution of X1 and X1+X2+X3
As suggested by whuber now I changed the the limits
h(y1,y3)=∫y3−1y1+1g(y1,y2,y3)dy2=∫y3−1y1+11dy2=y3−y1−2(1)
Now, we know the joint pdf of X,Y i.e joint pdf X1 and X1+X2+X3 is y3−y1−2.
Next let find the pdf of XY
We need another transformation:
Let Y1=XY2=XY
Then X=Y1Y=Y1Y2
Then
J=∣∣∣∣∂x∂y1∂y∂y1∂x∂y2∂y∂y2∣∣∣∣=∣∣∣∣11y20−y1y22∣∣∣∣=−y1y22
we already the joint distribution of X,Y from above steps ref (1).
∴
g2(y1,y2)=h(y1,y3)|J|=(y3−y1−2)y1y22
Next, we integrate the y1 out we get the pdf of y2 then we get the pdf of XY
h2(y2)=∫10(y3−y1−2)y1y22dy1=1y22(y32−13−1)(2)
This is the pdf of X/Y i.e X1X1+X2+X3
We are not finish yet, what is y3 in (2) then?
We know that Y3=X1+X2+X3 from the first transformation.
So at least we know Y3 has a Irwin-Hall distribution.
I wonder can we plug the Irwin-Hall for n=3 pdf to (2) to get a explicit formula? or can we do some simulations from here as Glen suggested?