Oto metoda, której używam do znalezienia wymiennej karty SD. Jest skomplikowany i prawdopodobnie przesadza w niektórych sytuacjach, ale działa na wielu wersjach Androida i producentach urządzeń, które testowałem w ciągu ostatnich kilku lat. Nie znam żadnych urządzeń od poziomu API 15, na którym nie znajduje karty SD, jeśli jest ona zamontowana. W większości przypadków nie zwróci wyników fałszywie dodatnich, szczególnie jeśli nadasz mu nazwę znanego pliku do wyszukania.
Daj mi znać, jeśli napotkasz przypadki, w których to nie działa.
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
public class SDCard {
private static final String TAG = "SDCard";
/** In some scenarios we can expect to find a specified file or folder on SD cards designed
* to work with this app. If so, set KNOWNFILE to that filename. It will make our job easier.
* Set it to null otherwise. */
private static final String KNOWNFILE = null;
/** Common paths for microSD card. **/
private static String[] commonPaths = {
// Some of these taken from
// /programming/13976982/removable-storage-external-sdcard-path-by-manufacturers
// These are roughly in order such that the earlier ones, if they exist, are more sure
// to be removable storage than the later ones.
"/mnt/Removable/MicroSD",
"/storage/removable/sdcard1", // !< Sony Xperia Z1
"/Removable/MicroSD", // Asus ZenPad C
"/removable/microsd",
"/external_sd", // Samsung
"/_ExternalSD", // some LGs
"/storage/extSdCard", // later Samsung
"/storage/extsdcard", // Main filesystem is case-sensitive; FAT isn't.
"/mnt/extsd", // some Chinese tablets, e.g. Zeki
"/storage/sdcard1", // If this exists it's more likely than sdcard0 to be removable.
"/mnt/extSdCard",
"/mnt/sdcard/external_sd",
"/mnt/external_sd",
"/storage/external_SD",
"/storage/ext_sd", // HTC One Max
"/mnt/sdcard/_ExternalSD",
"/mnt/sdcard-ext",
"/sdcard2", // HTC One M8s
"/sdcard1", // Sony Xperia Z
"/mnt/media_rw/sdcard1", // 4.4.2 on CyanogenMod S3
"/mnt/sdcard", // This can be built-in storage (non-removable).
"/sdcard",
"/storage/sdcard0",
"/emmc",
"/mnt/emmc",
"/sdcard/sd",
"/mnt/sdcard/bpemmctest",
"/mnt/external1",
"/data/sdext4",
"/data/sdext3",
"/data/sdext2",
"/data/sdext",
"/storage/microsd" //ASUS ZenFone 2
// If we ever decide to support USB OTG storage, the following paths could be helpful:
// An LG Nexus 5 apparently uses usb://1002/UsbStorage/ as a URI to access an SD
// card over OTG cable. Other models, like Galaxy S5, use /storage/UsbDriveA
// "/mnt/usb_storage",
// "/mnt/UsbDriveA",
// "/mnt/UsbDriveB",
};
/** Find path to removable SD card. */
public static File findSdCardPath(Context context) {
String[] mountFields;
BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
String lineRead = null;
/** Possible SD card paths */
LinkedHashSet<File> candidatePaths = new LinkedHashSet<>();
/** Build a list of candidate paths, roughly in order of preference. That way if
* we can't definitively detect removable storage, we at least can pick a more likely
* candidate. */
// Could do: use getExternalStorageState(File path), with and without an argument, when
// available. With an argument is available since API level 21.
// This may not be necessary, since we also check whether a directory exists and has contents,
// which would fail if the external storage state is neither MOUNTED nor MOUNTED_READ_ONLY.
// I moved hard-coded paths toward the end, but we need to make sure we put the ones in
// backwards order that are returned by the OS. And make sure the iterators respect
// the order!
// This is because when multiple "external" storage paths are returned, it's always (in
// experience, but not guaranteed by documentation) with internal/emulated storage
// first, removable storage second.
// Add value of environment variables as candidates, if set:
// EXTERNAL_STORAGE, SECONDARY_STORAGE, EXTERNAL_SDCARD_STORAGE
// But note they are *not* necessarily *removable* storage! Especially EXTERNAL_STORAGE.
// And they are not documented (API) features. Typically useful only for old versions of Android.
String val = System.getenv("SECONDARY_STORAGE");
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(val)) addPath(val, null, candidatePaths);
val = System.getenv("EXTERNAL_SDCARD_STORAGE");
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(val)) addPath(val, null, candidatePaths);
// Get listing of mounted devices with their properties.
ArrayList<File> mountedPaths = new ArrayList<>();
try {
// Note: Despite restricting some access to /proc (http://stackoverflow.com/a/38728738/423105),
// Android 7.0 does *not* block access to /proc/mounts, according to our test on George's Alcatel A30 GSM.
bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("/proc/mounts"));
// Iterate over each line of the mounts listing.
while ((lineRead = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
Log.d(TAG, "\nMounts line: " + lineRead);
mountFields = lineRead.split(" ");
// columns: device, mountpoint, fs type, options... Example:
// /dev/block/vold/179:97 /storage/sdcard1 vfat rw,dirsync,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,uid=1000,gid=1015,fmask=0002,dmask=0002,allow_utime=0020,codepage=cp437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,utf8,errors=remount-ro 0 0
String device = mountFields[0], path = mountFields[1], fsType = mountFields[2];
// The device, path, and fs type must conform to expected patterns.
if (!(devicePattern.matcher(device).matches() &&
pathPattern.matcher(path).matches() &&
fsTypePattern.matcher(fsType).matches()) ||
// mtdblock is internal, I'm told.
device.contains("mtdblock") ||
// Check for disqualifying patterns in the path.
pathAntiPattern.matcher(path).matches()) {
// If this mounts line fails our tests, skip it.
continue;
}
// TODO maybe: check options to make sure it's mounted RW?
// The answer at http://stackoverflow.com/a/13648873/423105 does.
// But it hasn't seemed to be necessary so far in my testing.
// This line met the criteria so far, so add it to candidate list.
addPath(path, null, mountedPaths);
}
} catch (IOException ignored) {
} finally {
if (bufferedReader != null) {
try {
bufferedReader.close();
} catch (IOException ignored) {
}
}
}
// Append the paths from mount table to candidate list, in reverse order.
if (!mountedPaths.isEmpty()) {
// See https://stackoverflow.com/a/5374346/423105 on why the following is necessary.
// Basically, .toArray() needs its parameter to know what type of array to return.
File[] mountedPathsArray = mountedPaths.toArray(new File[mountedPaths.size()]);
addAncestors(candidatePaths, mountedPathsArray);
}
// Add hard-coded known common paths to candidate list:
addStrings(candidatePaths, commonPaths);
// If the above doesn't work we could try the following other options, but in my experience they
// haven't added anything helpful yet.
// getExternalFilesDir() and getExternalStorageDirectory() typically something app-specific like
// /storage/sdcard1/Android/data/com.mybackuparchives.android/files
// so we want the great-great-grandparent folder.
// This may be non-removable.
Log.d(TAG, "Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory():");
addPath(null, ancestor(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()), candidatePaths);
// Context.getExternalFilesDirs() is only available from API level 19. You can use
// ContextCompat.getExternalFilesDirs() on earlier APIs, but it only returns one dir anyway.
Log.d(TAG, "context.getExternalFilesDir(null):");
addPath(null, ancestor(context.getExternalFilesDir(null)), candidatePaths);
// "Returns absolute paths to application-specific directories on all external storage
// devices where the application can place persistent files it owns."
// We might be able to use these to deduce a higher-level folder that isn't app-specific.
// Also, we apparently have to call getExternalFilesDir[s](), at least in KITKAT+, in order to ensure that the
// "external files" directory exists and is available.
Log.d(TAG, "ContextCompat.getExternalFilesDirs(context, null):");
addAncestors(candidatePaths, ContextCompat.getExternalFilesDirs(context, null));
// Very similar results:
Log.d(TAG, "ContextCompat.getExternalCacheDirs(context):");
addAncestors(candidatePaths, ContextCompat.getExternalCacheDirs(context));
// TODO maybe: use getExternalStorageState(File path), with and without an argument, when
// available. With an argument is available since API level 21.
// This may not be necessary, since we also check whether a directory exists,
// which would fail if the external storage state is neither MOUNTED nor MOUNTED_READ_ONLY.
// A "public" external storage directory. But in my experience it doesn't add anything helpful.
// Note that you can't pass null, or you'll get an NPE.
final File publicDirectory = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_MUSIC);
// Take the parent, because we tend to get a path like /pathTo/sdCard/Music.
addPath(null, publicDirectory.getParentFile(), candidatePaths);
// EXTERNAL_STORAGE: may not be removable.
val = System.getenv("EXTERNAL_STORAGE");
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(val)) addPath(val, null, candidatePaths);
if (candidatePaths.isEmpty()) {
Log.w(TAG, "No removable microSD card found.");
return null;
} else {
Log.i(TAG, "\nFound potential removable storage locations: " + candidatePaths);
}
// Accept or eliminate candidate paths if we can determine whether they're removable storage.
// In Lollipop and later, we can check isExternalStorageRemovable() status on each candidate.
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 21) {
Iterator<File> itf = candidatePaths.iterator();
while (itf.hasNext()) {
File dir = itf.next();
// handle illegalArgumentException if the path is not a valid storage device.
try {
if (Environment.isExternalStorageRemovable(dir)
// && containsKnownFile(dir)
) {
Log.i(TAG, dir.getPath() + " is removable external storage");
return dir;
} else if (Environment.isExternalStorageEmulated(dir)) {
Log.d(TAG, "Removing emulated external storage dir " + dir);
itf.remove();
}
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
Log.d(TAG, "isRemovable(" + dir.getPath() + "): not a valid storage device.", e);
}
}
}
// Continue trying to accept or eliminate candidate paths based on whether they're removable storage.
// On pre-Lollipop, we only have singular externalStorage. Check whether it's removable.
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 9) {
File externalStorage = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
Log.d(TAG, String.format(Locale.ROOT, "findSDCardPath: getExternalStorageDirectory = %s", externalStorage.getPath()));
if (Environment.isExternalStorageRemovable()) {
// Make sure this is a candidate.
// TODO: Does this contains() work? Should we be canonicalizing paths before comparing?
if (candidatePaths.contains(externalStorage)
// && containsKnownFile(externalStorage)
) {
Log.d(TAG, "Using externalStorage dir " + externalStorage);
return externalStorage;
}
} else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 11 && Environment.isExternalStorageEmulated()) {
Log.d(TAG, "Removing emulated external storage dir " + externalStorage);
candidatePaths.remove(externalStorage);
}
}
// If any directory contains our special test file, consider that the microSD card.
if (KNOWNFILE != null) {
for (File dir : candidatePaths) {
Log.d(TAG, String.format(Locale.ROOT, "findSdCardPath: Looking for known file in candidate path, %s", dir));
if (containsKnownFile(dir)) return dir;
}
}
// If we don't find the known file, still try taking the first candidate.
if (!candidatePaths.isEmpty()) {
Log.d(TAG, "No definitive path to SD card; taking the first realistic candidate.");
return candidatePaths.iterator().next();
}
// If no reasonable path was found, give up.
return null;
}
/** Add each path to the collection. */
private static void addStrings(LinkedHashSet<File> candidatePaths, String[] newPaths) {
for (String path : newPaths) {
addPath(path, null, candidatePaths);
}
}
/** Add ancestor of each File to the collection. */
private static void addAncestors(LinkedHashSet<File> candidatePaths, File[] files) {
for (int i = files.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
addPath(null, ancestor(files[i]), candidatePaths);
}
}
/**
* Add a new candidate directory path to our list, if it's not obviously wrong.
* Supply path as either String or File object.
* @param strNew path of directory to add (or null)
* @param fileNew directory to add (or null)
*/
private static void addPath(String strNew, File fileNew, Collection<File> paths) {
// If one of the arguments is null, fill it in from the other.
if (strNew == null) {
if (fileNew == null) return;
strNew = fileNew.getPath();
} else if (fileNew == null) {
fileNew = new File(strNew);
}
if (!paths.contains(fileNew) &&
// Check for paths known not to be removable SD card.
// The antipattern check can be redundant, depending on where this is called from.
!pathAntiPattern.matcher(strNew).matches()) {
// Eliminate candidate if not a directory or not fully accessible.
if (fileNew.exists() && fileNew.isDirectory() && fileNew.canExecute()) {
Log.d(TAG, " Adding candidate path " + strNew);
paths.add(fileNew);
} else {
Log.d(TAG, String.format(Locale.ROOT, " Invalid path %s: exists: %b isDir: %b canExec: %b canRead: %b",
strNew, fileNew.exists(), fileNew.isDirectory(), fileNew.canExecute(), fileNew.canRead()));
}
}
}
private static final String ANDROID_DIR = File.separator + "Android";
private static File ancestor(File dir) {
// getExternalFilesDir() and getExternalStorageDirectory() typically something app-specific like
// /storage/sdcard1/Android/data/com.mybackuparchives.android/files
// so we want the great-great-grandparent folder.
if (dir == null) {
return null;
} else {
String path = dir.getAbsolutePath();
int i = path.indexOf(ANDROID_DIR);
if (i == -1) {
return dir;
} else {
return new File(path.substring(0, i));
}
}
}
/** Returns true iff dir contains the special test file.
* Assumes that dir exists and is a directory. (Is this a necessary assumption?) */
private static boolean containsKnownFile(File dir) {
if (KNOWNFILE == null) return false;
File knownFile = new File(dir, KNOWNFILE);
return knownFile.exists();
}
private static Pattern
/** Pattern that SD card device should match */
devicePattern = Pattern.compile("/dev/(block/.*vold.*|fuse)|/mnt/.*"),
/** Pattern that SD card mount path should match */
pathPattern = Pattern.compile("/(mnt|storage|external_sd|extsd|_ExternalSD|Removable|.*MicroSD).*",
Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE),
/** Pattern that the mount path should not match.
* 'emulated' indicates an internal storage location, so skip it.
* 'asec' is an encrypted package file, decrypted and mounted as a directory. */
pathAntiPattern = Pattern.compile(".*(/secure|/asec|/emulated).*"),
/** These are expected fs types, including vfat. tmpfs is not OK.
* fuse can be removable SD card (as on Moto E or Asus ZenPad), or can be internal (Huawei G610). */
fsTypePattern = Pattern.compile(".*(fat|msdos|ntfs|ext[34]|fuse|sdcard|esdfs).*");
}
PS
- Nie zapomnij
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />w manifeście. Na poziomie API 23 i wyższym upewnij się, że używasz checkSelfPermission/requestPermissions .
- Ustaw KNOWNFILE = "myappfile", jeśli na karcie SD znajduje się plik lub folder. Dzięki temu wykrywanie jest dokładniejsze.
- Oczywiście będziesz chciał buforować wartość
findSdCardPath(), zamiast ją przeliczać za każdym razem, gdy jej potrzebujesz.
- W
Log.d()powyższym kodzie jest kilka funkcji logowania ( ). Pomaga zdiagnozować wszystkie przypadki, w których nie można znaleźć właściwej ścieżki. Skomentuj, jeśli nie chcesz się logować.