Wydaje mi się jasne, że adresy Link Local i Unique Local powinny przynajmniej zostać odfiltrowane.
Czy jest coś innego niż LLA / ULA, które należy filtrować?
Czy w przypadku LLA standardową praktyką jest filtrowanie pełnego filtru fe80 :: / 10, czy tylko filtrowanie fe80 :: / 64?
Odpowiedzi:
RFC 6890 sekcja 2.2.3 opisuje prefiksy specjalnego przeznaczenia dla IPv6. Link jest tutaj:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6890#page-14
Przedrostki do włączenia to:
+----------------------+------------------+
| Attribute | Value |
+----------------------+------------------+
| Address Block | ::1/128 |
| Name | Loopback Address |
| RFC | [RFC4291] |
| Allocation Date | February 2006 |
| Termination Date | N/A |
| Source | False |
| Destination | False |
| Forwardable | False |
| Global | False |
| Reserved-by-Protocol | True |
+----------------------+------------------+
Table 17: Loopback Address
+----------------------+---------------------+
| Attribute | Value |
+----------------------+---------------------+
| Address Block | ::/128 |
| Name | Unspecified Address |
| RFC | [RFC4291] |
| Allocation Date | February 2006 |
| Termination Date | N/A |
| Source | True |
| Destination | False |
| Forwardable | False |
| Global | False |
| Reserved-by-Protocol | True |
+----------------------+---------------------+
Table 18: Unspecified Address
+----------------------+---------------------+
| Attribute | Value |
+----------------------+---------------------+
| Address Block | 64:ff9b::/96 |
| Name | IPv4-IPv6 Translat. |
| RFC | [RFC6052] |
| Allocation Date | October 2010 |
| Termination Date | N/A |
| Source | True |
| Destination | True |
| Forwardable | True |
| Global | True |
| Reserved-by-Protocol | False |
+----------------------+---------------------+
Table 19: IPv4-IPv6 Translation Address
+----------------------+---------------------+
| Attribute | Value |
+----------------------+---------------------+
| Address Block | ::ffff:0:0/96 |
| Name | IPv4-mapped Address |
| RFC | [RFC4291] |
| Allocation Date | February 2006 |
| Termination Date | N/A |
| Source | False |
| Destination | False |
| Forwardable | False |
| Global | False |
| Reserved-by-Protocol | True |
+----------------------+---------------------+
Table 20: IPv4-Mapped Address
+----------------------+----------------------------+
| Attribute | Value |
+----------------------+----------------------------+
| Address Block | 100::/64 |
| Name | Discard-Only Address Block |
| RFC | [RFC6666] |
| Allocation Date | June 2012 |
| Termination Date | N/A |
| Source | True |
| Destination | True |
| Forwardable | True |
| Global | False |
| Reserved-by-Protocol | False |
+----------------------+----------------------------+
Table 21: Discard-Only Prefix
+----------------------+---------------------------+
| Attribute | Value |
+----------------------+---------------------------+
| Address Block | 2001::/23 |
| Name | IETF Protocol Assignments |
| RFC | [RFC2928] |
| Allocation Date | September 2000 |
| Termination Date | N/A |
| Source | False[1] |
| Destination | False[1] |
| Forwardable | False[1] |
| Global | False[1] |
| Reserved-by-Protocol | False |
+----------------------+---------------------------+
[1] Unless allowed by a more specific allocation.
+----------------------+----------------+
| Attribute | Value |
+----------------------+----------------+
| Address Block | 2001::/32 |
| Name | TEREDO |
| RFC | [RFC4380] |
| Allocation Date | January 2006 |
| Termination Date | N/A |
| Source | True |
| Destination | True |
| Forwardable | True |
| Global | False |
| Reserved-by-Protocol | False |
+----------------------+----------------+
Table 23: TEREDO
+----------------------+----------------+
| Attribute | Value |
+----------------------+----------------+
| Address Block | 2001:2::/48 |
| Name | Benchmarking |
| RFC | [RFC5180] |
| Allocation Date | April 2008 |
| Termination Date | N/A |
| Source | True |
| Destination | True |
| Forwardable | True |
| Global | False |
| Reserved-by-Protocol | False |
+----------------------+----------------+
Table 24: Benchmarking
+----------------------+---------------+
| Attribute | Value |
+----------------------+---------------+
| Address Block | 2001:db8::/32 |
| Name | Documentation |
| RFC | [RFC3849] |
| Allocation Date | July 2004 |
| Termination Date | N/A |
| Source | False |
| Destination | False |
| Forwardable | False |
| Global | False |
| Reserved-by-Protocol | False |
+----------------------+---------------+
Table 25: Documentation
+----------------------+--------------+
| Attribute | Value |
+----------------------+--------------+
| Address Block | 2001:10::/28 |
| Name | ORCHID |
| RFC | [RFC4843] |
| Allocation Date | March 2007 |
| Termination Date | March 2014 |
| Source | False |
| Destination | False |
| Forwardable | False |
| Global | False |
| Reserved-by-Protocol | False |
+----------------------+--------------+
Table 26: ORCHID
+----------------------+---------------+
| Attribute | Value |
+----------------------+---------------+
| Address Block | 2002::/16 [2] |
| Name | 6to4 |
| RFC | [RFC3056] |
| Allocation Date | February 2001 |
| Termination Date | N/A |
| Source | True |
| Destination | True |
| Forwardable | True |
| Global | N/A [2] |
| Reserved-by-Protocol | False |
+----------------------+---------------+
[2] See [RFC3056] for details.
Table 27: 6to4
+----------------------+--------------+
| Attribute | Value |
+----------------------+--------------+
| Address Block | fc00::/7 |
| Name | Unique-Local |
| RFC | [RFC4193] |
| Allocation Date | October 2005 |
| Termination Date | N/A |
| Source | True |
| Destination | True |
| Forwardable | True |
| Global | False |
| Reserved-by-Protocol | False |
+----------------------+--------------+
Table 28: Unique-Local
+----------------------+-----------------------+
| Attribute | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------------+
| Address Block | fe80::/10 |
| Name | Linked-Scoped Unicast |
| RFC | [RFC4291] |
| Allocation Date | February 2006 |
| Termination Date | N/A |
| Source | True |
| Destination | True |
| Forwardable | False |
| Global | False |
| Reserved-by-Protocol | True |
+----------------------+-----------------------+
Table 29: Linked-Scoped Unicast
To powinno wystarczyć. Istnieje również opcja filtrowania bogonów, ale wydaje się to nieco przesadne, chyba że skonfigurujesz podglądanie do Drużyny Cymru lub podobnej.
Dostępne są trzy opcje.
Pierwszym i najdokładniejszym jest ustawienie komunikacji równorzędnej z Teamem Cymru, jak wyjaśnia SimonJGreen. Zaletą jest posiadanie najdokładniejszej listy, wadą utrzymywania komunikacji równorzędnej, instrukcji polityki / map tras itp.
Druga droga to odmowa prefiksów, których „nigdy nie powinieneś widzieć na wolności”, takich jak prefiks lokalny link, stary prefiks 6Bone 3FFE :: / 16 itp. I połączenie tego z prefiksami, które powinieneś zobaczyć. Przykład poniżej. Zaletą jest to, że jest to najłatwiejsza konfiguracja, wadą jest to, że nie jest tak dokładna jak pierwsza opcja.
Trzecią drogą, której nigdy nie powinieneś implementować, jest pobranie bieżącej listy bogonów ipv6 opublikowanej przez Team Cymru i wklejenie jej jako filtrów statycznych w konfiguracji. To właśnie wiele osób zrobiło z ipv4 kilka lat temu i prowadzi dziś do wielu cierpień ... Nie wybieraj tej opcji. Zawsze.
Jako przykład podajemy przyzwoitą listę prefiksów ipv6, na które zezwalasz, i prefiksów, których należy odmawiać:
ipv6 prefix-list in-filter-v6 seq 5 deny 3ffe::/16 le 128
ipv6 prefix-list in-filter-v6 seq 10 deny 2001:db8::/32 le 128
ipv6 prefix-list in-filter-v6 seq 15 permit 2001::/32
ipv6 prefix-list in-filter-v6 seq 20 deny 2001::/32 le 128
ipv6 prefix-list in-filter-v6 seq 25 permit 2002::/16
ipv6 prefix-list in-filter-v6 seq 30 deny 2002::/16 le 128
ipv6 prefix-list in-filter-v6 seq 35 deny ::/8 le 128
ipv6 prefix-list in-filter-v6 seq 40 deny fe00::/9 le 128
ipv6 prefix-list in-filter-v6 seq 45 deny ff00::/8 le 128
ipv6 prefix-list in-filter-v6 seq 50 permit 2000::/3 le 48
ipv6 prefix-list in-filter-v6 seq 55 deny ::/0 le 128
Zobacz listę Fullbogons IPv6 na stronie http://www.team-cymru.org/Services/Bogons/http.html
Jest to dostępne również przez DNS , RADB , RIPE lub BGP, jeśli chcesz wykonać automatyczne filtrowanie.
Oto przykład automatycznego filtrowania w Cisco:
router bgp <your asn>
! Session 1
neighbor A.B.C.D remote-as 65332
neighbor A.B.C.D description <your description>
neighbor A.B.C.D ebgp-multihop 255
neighbor A.B.C.D password <your password>
! Session 2
neighbor E.F.G.H remote-as 65332
neighbor E.F.G.H description <your description>
neighbor E.F.G.H ebgp-multihop 255
neighbor E.F.G.H password <your password>
!
address-family ipv4
! Session 1
neighbor A.B.C.D activate
neighbor A.B.C.D soft-reconfiguration inbound
neighbor A.B.C.D prefix-list cymru-out-v4 out
neighbor A.B.C.D route-map CYMRUBOGONS-V4 in
! Session 2
neighbor E.F.G.H activate
neighbor E.F.G.H soft-reconfiguration inbound
neighbor E.F.G.H prefix-list cymru-out-v4 out
neighbor E.F.G.H route-map CYMRUBOGONS-V4 in
!
address-family ipv6
! Session 1
neighbor A.B.C.D activate
neighbor A.B.C.D soft-reconfiguration inbound
neighbor A.B.C.D prefix-list cymru-out-v6 out
neighbor A.B.C.D route-map CYMRUBOGONS-V6 in
! Session 2
neighbor E.F.G.H activate
neighbor E.F.G.H soft-reconfiguration inbound
neighbor E.F.G.H prefix-list cymru-out-v6 out
neighbor E.F.G.H route-map CYMRUBOGONS-V6 in
!
! Depending on IOS version, you may need to configure your router
! for new-style community syntax.
ip bgp-community new-format
!
ip community-list 100 permit 65332:888
!
ip route 192.0.2.1 255.255.255.255 Null0
!
ip prefix-list cymru-out-v4 seq 5 deny 0.0.0.0/0 le 32
!
ipv6 route 2001:DB8:0:DEAD:BEEF::1/128 Null0
!
ipv6 prefix-list cymru-out-v6 seq 5 deny ::/0 le 128
!
route-map CYMRUBOGONS-V6 permit 10
description IPv6 Filter bogons learned from cymru.com bogon route-servers
match community 100
set ipv6 next-hop 2001:DB8:0:DEAD:BEEF::1
!
route-map CYMRUBOGONS-V4 permit 10
description IPv4 Filter bogons learned from cymru.com bogon route-servers
match community 100
set ip next-hop 192.0.2.1
A oto jeden dla JunOS:
/*
* Define BGP peer group
*/
delete protocols bgp group cymru-bogons
set protocols bgp group cymru-bogons type external
set protocols bgp group cymru-bogons description "cymru fullbogon bgp feed (ipv4 + 6)"
set protocols bgp group cymru-bogons multihop ttl 255
set protocols bgp group cymru-bogons import cymru-bogons-in
/*
* Define MD5 password in quotes
*/
set protocols bgp group cymru-bogons authentication-key "<YOUR PASSWORD>"
set protocols bgp group cymru-bogons export deny-all
set protocols bgp group cymru-bogons peer-as 65332
/*
* Replace values below as appropriate
*/
set protocols bgp group cymru-bogons neighbor A.B.C.D local-address <YOUR IP>
set protocols bgp group cymru-bogons neighbor A.B.C.D family inet unicast
set protocols bgp group cymru-bogons neighbor A.B.C.D family inet6 unicast
set protocols bgp group cymru-bogons neighbor E.F.G.H local-address <YOUR IP>
set protocols bgp group cymru-bogons neighbor E.F.G.H family inet unicast
set protocols bgp group cymru-bogons neighbor E.F.G.H family inet6 unicast
/*
* Define CYMRU import policy
*/
delete policy-options policy-statement cymru-bogons-in
set policy-options policy-statement cymru-bogons-in term 1 from family inet
set policy-options policy-statement cymru-bogons-in term 1 from community comm-cymru-bogon
set policy-options policy-statement cymru-bogons-in term 1 then community add no-export
set policy-options policy-statement cymru-bogons-in term 1 then next-hop discard
set policy-options policy-statement cymru-bogons-in term 1 then accept
set policy-options policy-statement cymru-bogons-in term 2 from family inet6
set policy-options policy-statement cymru-bogons-in term 2 from community comm-cymru-bogon
set policy-options policy-statement cymru-bogons-in term 2 then community add no-export
set policy-options policy-statement cymru-bogons-in term 2 then next-hop discard
set policy-options policy-statement cymru-bogons-in term 2 then accept
set policy-options policy-statement cymru-bogons-in then reject
/*
* Define deny-all export policy
*/
delete policy-options policy-statement deny-all
set policy-options policy-statement deny-all then reject
/*
* Define CYMRU Bogon community
*/
delete policy-options community comm-cymru-bogon
set policy-options community comm-cymru-bogon members no-export
set policy-options community comm-cymru-bogon members 65332:888
/*
* Define internal no-export community
*/
delete policy-options community comm-no-export
set policy-options community comm-no-export members no-export
To zalecenie dotyczące filtrowania IPv6 jest nieco przestarzałe, ale myślę, że nadal ma odpowiednie podstawy: http://www.space.net/~gert/RIPE/ipv6-filters.html
jeśli chcesz przeprowadzić „głębokie” filtrowanie, możesz rzucić okiem na szablony i bogony projekt cymru: