To jest NOT NULL
:
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE `myTab` (`notnul` FLOAT, `nul` FLOAT);
INSERT INTO `myTab` VALUES (1, NULL), (1, 2), (1, NULL), (1, 2), (1, NULL), (1, 2), (1, NULL), (1, 2), (1, NULL), (1, 2), (1, NULL), (1, 2);
SELECT * FROM `myTab`;
daje:
+--------+------+
| notnul | nul |
+--------+------+
| 1 | NULL |
| 1 | 2 |
| 1 | NULL |
| 1 | 2 |
| 1 | NULL |
| 1 | 2 |
| 1 | NULL |
| 1 | 2 |
| 1 | NULL |
| 1 | 2 |
| 1 | NULL |
| 1 | 2 |
+--------+------+
Utwórz indeks:
CREATE INDEX `notnul_nul` ON `myTab` (`notnul`, `nul`);
CREATE INDEX `nul_notnul` ON `myTab` (`nul`, `notnul`);
SHOW INDEX FROM `myTab`;
daje:
+-------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+-------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| myTab | 1 | notnul_nul | 1 | notnul | A | 12 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
| myTab | 1 | notnul_nul | 2 | nul | A | 12 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
| myTab | 1 | nul_notnul | 1 | nul | A | 12 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
| myTab | 1 | nul_notnul | 2 | notnul | A | 12 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
+-------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
teraz wyjaśnij wybrane. Wygląda na to, że MySQL korzysta z indeksu, nawet jeśli używasz NOT NULL
:
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM `myTab` WHERE `notnul` IS NOT NULL;
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+------------+---------+------+------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+------------+---------+------+------+--------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | myTab | index | notnul_nul | notnul_nul | 10 | NULL | 12 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+------------+---------+------+------+--------------------------+
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM `myTab` WHERE `nul` IS NOT NULL;
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+------------+---------+------+------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+------------+---------+------+------+--------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | myTab | range | nul_notnul | nul_notnul | 5 | NULL | 6 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+------------+---------+------+------+--------------------------+
Ale porównując NOT NULL
i NULL
wydaje się, że MySQL preferuje inne indeksy podczas używania NOT NULL
. Chociaż to oczywiście nie dodaje żadnych informacji. Jest tak, ponieważ MySQL interpretuje NOT NULL
jako zakres, jak widać w kolumnie typu. Nie jestem pewien, czy istnieje obejście:
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM `myTab` WHERE `nul` IS NULL && notnul=2;
+----+-------------+-------+------+-----------------------+------------+---------+-------------+------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------+-----------------------+------------+---------+-------------+------+--------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | myTab | ref | notnul_nul,nul_notnul | notnul_nul | 10 | const,const | 1 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------+-----------------------+------------+---------+-------------+------+--------------------------+
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM `myTab` WHERE `nul` IS NOT NULL && notnul=2;
+----+-------------+-------+-------+-----------------------+------------+---------+------+------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+-----------------------+------------+---------+------+------+--------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | myTab | range | notnul_nul,nul_notnul | notnul_nul | 10 | NULL | 1 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+-----------------------+------------+---------+------+------+--------------------------+
Myślę, że może być lepsza implementacja w MySQL, ponieważ NULL
jest to specjalna wartość. Prawdopodobnie większość ludzi interesuje się NOT NULL
wartościami.
NOT NULL
kolumnami.